The World Health Organization has issued emergency authorization for the AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine, a move that should allow the UN agency’s partners to ship millions of doses to countries worldwide as part of a UN-backed programme to tame the pandemic.
In a statement Monday, WHO said it was authorizing the AstraZeneca vaccines made by the Serum Institute of India and South Korea’s AstraZeneca-SKBio.
With this, AstraZeneca vaccine has just become the second vaccine released by the UN Health Agency following approval of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in December.
The announcement should trigger the delivery of hundreds of millions of doses to countries that have signed up for the U.N.-backed COVAX effort, which aims to deliver vaccines to the world’s most vulnerable people.
“Countries with no access to vaccines to date will finally be able to start vaccinating their health workers and populations at risk,” said Dr Mariângela Simão, WHO’s Assistant-Director General for Access to Medicines and Health Products.
About 109 million people worldwide have been infected by the coronavirus pandemic and at least 2.4 million of them have been killed. But many of the world’s countries have not yet started vaccination programs, and even rich nations are facing shortages of vaccine doses as manufacturers struggle to increase production.
AstraZeneca vaccine has already been authorized in more than 50 countries, including the United Kingdom, India, Argentina and Mexico.
It is cheaper and easier to handle than the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, which needs deep cold storage that is not widespread in many developing countries. Both vaccinations require two shots per person, administered weeks apart.
Last week, WHO’s vaccine experts recommended the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine for people over age 18, including in countries that have detected variants of COVID-19.
Concerns Against South Africa Variant
The AstraZeneca vaccine forms the bulk of COVAX’s current stockpile and concerns were recently raised after an early study suggested it might not prevent mild and moderate disease caused by the variant first seen in South Africa.
Last week, South Africa scaled back its planned rollout of the AstraZeneca vaccine, opting instead to use an unlicensed shot from Johnson & Johnson for its health care workers.
COVAX has already missed its own goal of beginning coronavirus vaccinations in poor countries at the same time that shots were rolled out in rich countries.
Numerous developing countries have rushed in recent weeks to sign their own private deals to buy vaccines, unwilling to wait for COVAX.
WHO and its partners, including the vaccines alliance GAVI, have not said which countries will receive the first doses from COVAX.
But an initial plan showed a handful of rich countries that have signed multiple private vaccine deals, including Canada, South Korea and New Zealand, are also scheduled to receive early doses from COVAX.
Some public health experts called that “very problematic” and attributed it to COVAX’s flawed design, which allowed donor countries to double-dip by purchasing vaccines from the programme while also signing their own commercial deals.
“Canada has ordered enough doses to supply their population about five times over and now they’re looking to accept their share of doses from COVAX, which would otherwise be given to poor nations,” said Anna Marriott, health policy lead for Oxfam International.
WHO’s chief scientist, Dr Soumya Swaminathan, has said rich countries that have signed up to receive vaccines from COVAX won’t have their requests denied.
“The COVAX facility is not going to penalize countries,” she said in early February.
After pledging more than $400 million to COVAX last year, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said it was always his country’s intention to get vaccines through COVAX.
Marriott said rich countries planning to take doses from COVAX should be pressured to reconsider, given their earlier calls of support for the effort’s goal of equal access to vaccines for all the world’s nations, rich or poor.
