A new study has revealed that increased exposure to selected environmental toxicants like metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalates, and bisphenol-A (BPA) impacts brain development during pregnancy and leads to autistic-like behaviors in children.
This study found correlations between increased expressions of autistic-like behaviors in preschool-aged children to gestational exposure to selected environmental toxicants, including metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalates, and bisphenol-A (BPA).
The study, led by Simon Fraser University’s Faculty of Health Sciences researchers, has been published today in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
This population study measured the levels of 25 chemicals in blood and urine samples collected from 1,861 Canadian women during the first trimester of pregnancy. A follow-up survey was conducted with 478 participants, using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) tool for assessing autistic-like behaviors in pre-school children.
The researchers found that higher maternal concentrations of cadmium, lead, and some phthalates in blood or urine samples were associated with increased SRS scores, and these associations were particularly strong among children with a higher degree of autistic-like behaviors.
Interestingly, the study also noted that increased maternal concentrations of manganese, trans-Nonachlor, many organophosphate pesticide metabolites, and mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) were most strongly associated with lower SRS scores.
The study’s lead author, Josh Alampi, notes that this study primarily “highlights the relationships between select environmental toxicants and increased SRS scores. Further studies are needed to fully assess the links and impacts of these environmental chemicals on brain development during pregnancy.”
The statistical analysis tools were used to achieve the results. Called Bayesian quantile regression, these tools allowed investigators to determine which individual toxicants were associated with increased SRS scores in a more nuanced way than conventional methods.
“The relationships we discovered between these toxicants and SRS scores would not have been detected through the use of a means-based method of statistical analysis (such as linear regression),” noted Alampi. “Although quantile regression is not frequently used by investigators, it can be a powerful way to analyze complex population-based data.”
